1999全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试题
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must e used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims, the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.
41.A] atB] inC] onD] with
42.A] alive B] vividC]mobileD] perse
43.A] regulationB] climateC] circumstanceD] requirement
44.A] whereB] howC] whatD] unless
45.A] alterB] differC] shiftD] distinguish
46.A] constituting B] aggravatingC] observingD] justifying1
47.A] SomeB]ManyC] EvenD] Still
48.A] comes offB] turns upC] pays offD] holds up
49.A] claimsB] reportsC] declarationsD] proclamations
50.A] an advantage B] a benefitC] an interestD] a profit
译文：
安全生产并不是始自今日。事故发生率较低的公司总是制定安全计划，尽力安排计划的推行，并不断努力使其维持活力、发挥用途。当上述工作圆满完成时，一个无事故的作业环境便打造起来。在这里，因职员伤害而损失的时间便会维持在最低水平。
各种有效的安全计划其侧重点上非常不相同。有的计划重视机械保护，另一些则强强调通过招待各种规章规范来进行安全生产。还有一些计划则主要靠对工大家，晓之以理，动之以情。但假如要获得最好的结果，每一个安全计划都要遵循肯定的基本思想。
安全生产的价值无庸置疑。单从经济角度来看，安全生产也是大有裨益的。伤害索赔越少，职员的保险率就越高。它可能意味着企业经营的盈亏。
2000全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试题
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements2 and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation channels and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be self-sufficient. He must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.
41.A] other thanB] as well asC] instead ofD] more than
42.A] only ifB] much asC] long beforeD] ever since
43.A] forB] againstC] ofD] towards
44.A] replaceB] purchaseC] supplementD] dispose
45.A] enhanceB] mixC] feedD] raise
46.A] vessels3 B] routesC] pathsD] channels
47.A] self-confidentB] self-sufficientC] self-satisfiedD] self-restrained
48.A] searchB] saveC] offerD]seek
49.A] proportionB] percentageC] rateD] ratio
50.A] genuinelyB] obviously C] presumablyD] frequently
译文：
农民要想成功，需要在其消费与生产之间努力维持较大的距离。他需要储存很多的粮食，而不是将全部粮食马
上消费掉。只有生产有剩余，他才能养活他一个人及其家人。农民需要以如下三种方法来用这类剩余粮食：留作播种用，留作备荒用，留作产品卖掉以更新农具和买化肥用。要修建灌溉沟渠，或以其他方法改变农田，也会需要钱。没余粮，农民就不可以自给自足。要么卖掉一些财产，要么通过贷款寻求资金。自然他会努力获得低息贷款，但不可以常常借到这种低息贷款。
2001全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试题
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Ro百度竞价推广ary West.
In a significant tightening4 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor5, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly6 control the amount of publicity7 that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.
Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation8 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which makes the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding9 in Britain, laid down that everybody was entitled to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
Press freedoms will be in safe hands with our British judges, he said.
Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were said to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
31.A] as toB] for instance C] in particularD] such as
32.A] tighteningB] intensifyingC] focusingD] fastening
33.A] sketchB] roughC] preliminaryD] draft
34.A] illogicalB] illegalC] improbableD] improper10
35.A] publicityB] penaltyC] popularityD] peculiarity11
36.A] sinceB] if C]beforeD] as
37.A] sidedB] sharedC] compliedD] agreed
38.A] presentB] offerC] manifestD] indicate
39.A] ReleaseB] PublicationC] PrintingD] Exposure
40.A] stormB] rageC] flareD]flash
41.A] translationB] interpretationC] exhibitionD] demonstration12
42.A] better thanB] other thanC] rather thanD] sooner than
43.A] changesB] convincingC] restrainingD] sustaining
44.A] bindingB] convincingC] entitledD] qualified13
45.A] authorizedB] creditedC] inferenceD] issue
46.A] withB] toC] fromD] by
47.A] impact B] incidentC] inferenceD] issue
48.A] statedB] remarked C] saidD] told
49.A] whatB] whenC] whichD] that
50.A] assureB] confideC] ensureD] guarantee
译文：
报界付款给那些牵到大案要案（诸如Ro百度竞价推广ary West案件）的证人，以图买断。政府对此将要予以查禁。
为了更有效地对新闻界推行合法监控，大法官Irvine勋爵将草拟的法案。该法案将提出，付款给证人是非法的；在审判开始前，对案件的暴光度要严格控制。
在写给众议院大众媒体特别委员会 Gerald Kaufman主席的信中，Irvine勋爵说，他同意委员会今年的报告，该报告称，自我约束并未推行足够的监控。
Irvine勋爵说，对欧洲立法中所包涵的关于个人隐私监控权的讲解，将留给法官，而不是议会。这招致大众媒体的一片抗议。此后两天，信被公之于世。
大法官说，引入《人权法案》使得《欧洲人权公约》在英国有了法律效力，按规定，每人都享有个人隐私权，公众人物可以到法庭去保护自己及其家人。
他说由大家英国的法官来负责，新闻自由将安然无恙。
1995年，Ro百度竞价推广ary West被判十项无期徒刑，此后，付款给证人的作法成为争议颇多的问题。据了解，足有19个人因向报界讲述其历程而获得报酬。大家开始关注：（同意报酬）或许会鼓励证人在法庭上夸大他们历程的事情，来保证（陪审团对被告）做出有罪的裁定。
2002全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试题
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
Comparisons were drawn14 between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion15 of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between. As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant16 pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically17 changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.
It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed against harmful outcomes. And generalizations18 have proved difficult.
21.A] betweenB] beforeC] sinceD] later
22.A] afterB] byC] duringD] until
23.A] meansB] methodC] mediumD] measure
24.A] processB] companyC] lightD] form
25.A] gatheredB] speededC] workedD] picked
26.A] onB] outC] overD] off
27.A] ofB] forC] beyondD] into
28.A] conceptB] dimensionC] effectD] perspective
29.A] indeedB] henceC] howeverD] therefore
30.A] broughtB] followedC] stimulatedD] characterized
31.A] unlessB] sinceC] lestD] although
32. A] apparentB] desirableC] negativeD] plausible19
33.A] institutionalB] universalC] fundamentalD] instrumental
34.A]abilityB] capabilityC] capacityD] faculty20
35.A] by means ofB] in terms ofC] capacityD] faculty
36.A] deeperB] fewerC] nearerD] smaller
37.A] contextB] range C] scopeD] territory
38.A] regardedB] impressedC]influencedD] effected
39.A] competitiveB] controversialC] distractingD] irrational21
40.A] aboveB] uponC] againstD] with
译文：
大家曾把20世纪电视的进步与15、16世纪印刷术的传播进行过比较。然而在这期间之间还发生过很多事情。正如前面所讨论的，直到19世纪，报纸才继小册子和书本之后，与期刊一块，成为电子年代之前非常重要的传媒。正是同时，通信革命加速进步，从铁路运输开始，进步到电报、电话、无线电和电影，直到20世纪的汽车和飞机。并不是每人教正确地看到这一进程，而做到这点是非常重要的。
然而，大家常见觉得，20世纪初期出现的电脑，及随后60年代创造的集成电路，虽然对传媒没产生立竿见影的影响，但却完全改变了进步进程。伴随时间推移，电脑变得愈加小，性能愈加强，而且，伴随显示（成效）愈加明确及存储量愈加大，电脑已不仅仅是团体机构的用具，也成了个人的用具。像人一样，电脑也按代来划分，而且代与代之间的间距愈加小。
正是在这个计算机年代，信息社会这个词开始广泛用来描述大家所存活的环境。通信革命对工作、休闲与大家考虑和感受时空的方法都产生了影响，但也产生了关于其经济、政治、社会及文化含义的不同怎么看。益处要针对产生的危害来权衡。非常难以偏概全。
2003全国硕士研究生入学考试
英语试题
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best accommodate such changes. Growing bodies need movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments22 are admired by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics23. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capabilities24 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
21.A] thoughtB] ideaC] opinionD] advice
22.A] strengthenB] accommodate C] stimulateD] enhance
23.A] care B] nutritionC] exerciseD] leisure
24.A] IfB] AlthoughC] WhereasD] Because
25.A] assistanceB] guidanceC] confidenceD] tolerance25
26.A] claimedB] admiredC] ignoredD] surpassed
27.A] improperB] risky26 C] fairD] wise
28.A] in effectB] as a resultC] for exampleD] in a sense
29.A] displayingB] describingC] creatingD] exchanging
30.A] durableB] excessiveC] surplusD] multiple
31.A] group B] inpidualC] personnelD] corporation
32.A] consentB] insuranceC] admissionD] security
33.A] particularlyB] barelyC] definitelyD] rarely
34.A] similarB] longC] differentD] short
35.A] if onlyB] now thatC] so thatD] even if
36.A] everythingB] anythingC] nothingD] something
37.A] off B] downC] outD] alone
38.A] On the contraryB] On the averageC] On the wholeD] On the other hand
39.A]makingB] standingC] planningD] taking
40.A] capabilitiesB] responsibilitiesC] proficiencyD] efficiency
译文：
教师需要对青少年智商、情绪和身体各方面的变化加以注意，同时也要对他们怎么样适应这类变化予以密切关注。发育中的身体需要运动和训练，而不止是为了竞技，由于一直要适应新的身体情况和智商和情感方面的很多新挑战。青少年自我意识特别强，他们需要成功的信心，看到我们的收获他们就需得到别人的赞扬。然而，青少年的日常一般已是充满角逐，所以明智之举是组织一些胜者多而败者少的活动，比如：出版刊有很多学生写作书评的通讯，展览学生的美术作品，赞助念书会所。各种小型会所可以提供多种多样的机会，训练孩子的领导才能，也可以借用集体力量成功地提供实践机会。交友对青少年来讲极其要紧，很多害臊的学生需要来自某种组织的安全感，成人的帮忙则应处于几乎看不见的隐蔽地位。
在这类活动中须谨记青少年的注意力持续时间短。应当组织多种多样的活动以迎合他们，尽可能让他们的兴趣维持活跃，然后再接上别的活动，如此不会使他们不安，也不会使其他参与者失望。这并非说成年人一点责任也没，相反，成年人通过对青少年能力和注意力所及活动的策划与通过对游戏规则的明确讲解，帮助学生获得一种参与感。
